Design of an intelligent hybrid diagnosis scheme for cyber-physical PV systems at the microgrid level

With focusing on solar photovoltaic (PV) systems operating at microgrid (MG) level, this study investigates the impacts of different physical faults and cyberattacks as well as designing an intelligent faults/attacks detection and diagnosis system. The ability to quickly identify and diagnose faults/attacks enables local controllers and energy management system to accommodate or mitigate the negative effects of physical faults or cyberattacks in a MG. This allows the MG to carry on operating without experiencing any significant interruptions. In this regard, the current paper investigates a hybrid AC/DC MG made up of different distributed energy resources (DER), including solar PV arrays, wind turbines, and battery energy storage systems. An intelligent hybrid diagnosis (IHD) scheme is introduced for online monitoring and diagnosing the data to reflect the real-time status of the PV system operating at the MG level. This hybrid system uses three parallel units, including a "fuzzy inference system (i.e., a rule-based unit)", a "power spectrum estimator (i.e., a signal-based unit)", and an "adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (i.e., a model-based unit)". A realistic MG benchmark model with a wide range of operating conditions and dynamic electrical loads in the presence of potential MG disturbances is used to demonstrate the high performance and resilience of the proposed IHD scheme under various types of faults/ attacks scenarios.