The Role of the Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load in the Dietary Approach of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

被引:10
作者
Mavroeidi, Ioanna [1 ]
Manta, Aspasia [1 ]
Asimakopoulou, Athina [2 ]
Syrigos, Alexandros [2 ]
Paschou, Stavroula A. [3 ]
Vlachaki, Efthimia [4 ]
Nastos, Constantinos [5 ]
Kalantaridou, Sophia [6 ]
Peppa, Melpomeni [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens, Attikon Univ Hosp, Res Inst & Diabet Ctr,Endocrine Unit, Propaedeut Dept Internal Med 2, Athens 12461, Greece
[2] Sotiria Gen Hosp, Dept Internal Med 3, Athens 11527, Greece
[3] Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens, Alexandra Hosp, Diabet Ctr,Endocrine Unit, Sch Med,Dept Clin Therapeut, Athens 11528, Greece
[4] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Hippokrate Hosp, Dept Internal Med 2, Hematol Lab, Thessaloniki 54640, Greece
[5] Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens, Attikon Univ Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Surg 3, Athens 12461, Greece
[6] Natl & Kapodistrian Univ Athens, Attikon Univ Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Athens 12461, Greece
关键词
gestational diabetes mellitus; diet; nutrition; carbohydrates; insulin resistance; glycemic load; glycemic index; obesity; pregnancy; gestational insulin resistance; gestational inflammation; LOW-CARBOHYDRATE-DIET; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; MATERNAL OBESITY; WEIGHT-GAIN; RISK; WOMEN; METABOLISM; GLUCOSE; INFLAMMATION;
D O I
10.3390/nu16030399
中图分类号
R15 [营养卫生、食品卫生]; TS201 [基础科学];
学科分类号
100403 ;
摘要
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic disorder that often develops during pregnancy, characterized by glucose intolerance and insulin resistance (IR). To ensure the well-being of both the mother and the fetus, the body undergoes multiple metabolic and immunological changes that result in peripheral IR and, under certain hereditary or acquired abnormalities, GDM in predisposed women. The adverse short- and long-term effects of GDM impact both the mother and the fetus. Nutrition seems to play an important role to prevent GDM or improve its evolution. An emphasis has been given to the proportion of carbohydrates (CHO) relative to protein and lipids, as well as dietary patterns, in GDM. The effects of CHO on postprandial glucose concentrations are reflected in the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL). Diets rich in GI and GL may induce or exacerbate IR, whereas diets low in GI and GL appear to enhance insulin sensitivity and improve glycemic control. These positive outcomes may be attributed to direct interactions with insulin and glucose homeostasis or indirect effects through improved body composition and weight management. This comprehensive narrative review aims to explore the significance of nutrition, with a focus on the critical evaluation of GI and GL in the dietary management of women with GDM.
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页数:14
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