Genipin Inhibits the Development of Osteosarcoma through PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway

Background Osteosarcoma is a highly invasive and early metastatic tumor. At present, the toxic and side effects of chemotherapy affect the quality of life of cancer patients to varying degrees. Genipin is an extract of the natural medicine gardenia with various pharmacological activities. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Genipin on osteosarcoma and its potential mechanism of action. Methods Crystal violet staining, MTT assay and colony formation assay were used to detect the effect of genipin on the proliferation of osteosarcoma. The effects of vitexin on migration and invasion of osteosarcoma were detected by scratch healing assay and transwell assay. Hoechst staining and flow cytometry were used to detect the effect of genipin on apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells. The expression of related proteins was detected by Western blot. An orthotopic tumorigenic animal model was used to verify the effect of genipin on osteosarcoma in vivo. Results The results of crystal violet staining, MTT method and colony formation method proved that genipin significantly inhibited the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells. The results of the scratch healing assay and transwell assay showed that gen significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. The results of Hoechst staining and flow cytometry showed that genipin significantly promoted the apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells. The results of animal experiments show that genipin has the same anti-tumor effect in vivo. Genipin may inhibit the growth of osteosarcoma through PI3K/AKT signaling. Conclusion Genipin can inhibit the growth of human osteosarcoma cells, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.