Finite Element and Fluid-Structure Interaction Modeling of a Balloon Catheter

Intervention treatments for aortic stenosis strongly rely on the use of a medical balloon catheter which is utilized for dilating the narrowed aortic valve or the deployment of the implanted devices. However, the complete inflation of the balloon will block the blood outflow and cause instability. This paper demonstrates a computational analysis method to examine the influence of the amount of balloon inflation volume on balloon movement within a pulsating fluid environment. A tri-folded typical shape of the balloon model was inflated by pressurization. The balloon's front projection area changes during both simulation and experiment were recorded. To address the interaction between the balloon model with varying inflation levels and the introduction of fluid into the arched aorta, a Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) model was developed. Compared with the experimental data, the front projection area in the simulation showed a similar increment, which can be used to validate the balloon model. For FSI simulation, the balloon catheter's maximum displacement rises with the inflation level, with a slight rise at about 10 ml and a substantial rise at 20 ml volume. This work showed a significant advancement in the ability to replicate balloon movement during valvuloplasty using an FSI model.