Exploring sport participation in individuals with spinal cord injury: A qualitative thematic synthesis

Context: Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) are susceptible to various physical, psychological, and social challenges. Sport is an activity that may holistically address these concerns. No existing research provides an overview of the current landscape of SCI-specific sport participation. Objective: To synthesize the findings of qualitative studies exploring the perceptions of people with SCI participating in sport, in relation to physical, psychological, and social health. Methods: This thematic synthesis included studies published in APA PsycInfo, CINAHL, Embase, Emcare, Medline, and PubMed. Eligible articles studied adults who had a SCI for >= 12 months and explored experiences following >= 3 months of sport participation using qualitative or mixed-methods. Articles were excluded if participants with SCI composed less than one-third of the study sample. From 8473 unique titles and abstracts screened, 47 articles underwent full-text review and 14 articles were included. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to critically appraise the 13 qualitative studies and one mixed-methods study. Results: The overarching theme was that sport facilitates the progression to living an enriching life with SCI. Four sub-themes were identified within this theme: adjusting to SCI, factors influencing sport initiation, outcomes resulting from sport participation, and reshaping views of SCI. Participants detailed many benefits of sport, including improved fitness, independence, confidence, and sense of community. Beyond the participants themselves, sport helped reshape views of SCI by breaking stereotypes and inspiring others. Conclusion: Sport can play a crucial role in facilitating the progression to living an enriching life following SCI.