Improving load frequency control performance in interconnected power systems with a new optimal high degree of freedom cascaded FOTPID-TIDF controller*

The low inertia of electrical power networks as renewable energy penetration levels increase is regarded as a significant issue confronting worldwide ambitions for the anticipated renewable energy transition. Load frequency control (LFC) is an efficient way of improving the frequency stability and dependability of renewable energy-based power networks. Therefore, this paper introduces a novel three-degree-offreedom (3 DoF) load frequency control method for two-area-linked power systems. To implement the suggested LFC approach, the proposed control employs an enhanced hybrid fractional order control method (namely FOTPID), and the tilt integrator differentiator with filter (TIDF) is employed in the frequency deviation and tie-line power loop feedforward compensation. As a consequence, this study proposes a novel 3DoF cascaded FOTPID-TIDF controller. Furthermore, this work proposes a modified method of the recently developed Manta-Ray Foraging Optimizer (MRFO) to optimize the parameters of the new suggested 3DoF cascaded FOTPID-TIDF controller. The paper includes extensive performance comparisons and discussions to validate the superior performance metrics of the new proposed control and optimization methods. The results reveal that by taking into account the characteristics and uncertainties of renewable sources, interconnected loads, and grid inertia, the results perfectly mitigate various existing deviations in frequency and tie-line power compared to existing contemporary LFC approaches. (c) 2023 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier BV on behalf of Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/4.0/).