The Flipped Classroom Approach in a Pediatric Anesthesiology Fellowship Curriculum

Background The flipped classroom approach is well documented to enhance medical education outcomes. Additionally, both the need for online learning materials and the increased demand for medical professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic has made this approach more relevant. The pediatric anesthesiology fellowship curriculum at one institution transitioned from a traditional classroom model to a flipped classroom approach to optimize the educational experience and support learner well-being. Approach Utilizing the American Board of Anesthesiology (ABA) and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) content outlines, a novel, comprehensive curriculum was developed focusing on core clinical material and board review with the goal of providing structured learning while alleviating the burden of completing board review independently to improve work-life balance and reduce the potential for burnout. Evaluation Graduates of the program from 2017 to 2021 evaluated the flipped classroom structure and its perceived impact on their educational outcomes, wellness, and career development via a one-time, voluntary survey. Results indicated improved participation rates and educational benefits with the flipped classroom structure compared to the traditional structure. Fellows preferred the flipped classroom approach to the traditional lecture approach (72.2% vs. 27%), and they preferred custom-made prework material to traditional textbooks and articles. Fellows benefited from having more time for personal activities and other scholarly work, as evidenced by open-ended responses. Implications The flipped classroom structure was perceived as beneficial by pediatric anesthesiology fellows because of increased educational engagement, alleviation of academic burden, and improved wellness due to more time for non-academic activities. Further study is needed to optimize and correlate the new curriculum with objective educational outcomes.