Salmonella Typhimurium with Eight Tandem Copies of blaNDM-1 on a HI2 Plasmid

Carbapenem-resistant Salmonella has recently aroused increasing attention. In this study, a total of four sequence type 36 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) isolates were consecutively isolated from an 11-month-old female patient with a gastrointestinal infection, of which one was sensitive to carbapenems and three were resistant to carbapenems. Via antibiotic susceptibility testing, a carbapenemases screening test, plasmid conjugation experiments, Illumina short-reads, and PacBio HiFi sequencing, we found that all four S. Typhimurium isolates contained a bla(CTX-M-14)-positive IncI1 plasmid. One carbapenem-sensitive S. Typhimurium isolate then obtained an IncHI2 plasmid carrying bla(NDM-1) and an IncP plasmid without any resistance genes during the disease progression. The bla(NDM-1 )gene was located on a new 30 kb multiple drug resistance region, which is flanked by IS26 and TnAs2, respectively. In addition, the ST_F0903R isolate contained eight tandem copies of the ISCR1 unit (ISCR1-dsbD-trpF-ble-blaNDM-1-ISAba125 Delta 1), but an increase in MICs to carbapenems was not observed. Our work further provided evidence of the rapid spread and amplification of bla(NDM-1) through plasmid. Prompting the recognition of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and the initiation of appropriate infection control measures are essential to avoid the spread of these organisms.