Unraveling Twisty Linear Polarization Morphologies in Black Hole Images

被引：20

作者：

Emami, Razieh ^{[1
]}

Ricarte, Angelo ^{[1
,2
]}

Wong, George N. ^{[3
,4
]}

Palumbo, Daniel ^{[1
,2
]}

Chang, Dominic ^{[2
]}

Doeleman, Sheperd S. ^{[1
,2
]}

Broderick, Avery E. ^{[5
,6
]}

Narayan, Ramesh ^{[1
,2
]}

Wielgus, Maciek ^{[7
]}

Blackburn, Lindy ^{[1
,2
]}

Prather, Ben S. ^{[8
]}

Chael, Andrew A. ^{[9
]}

Anantua, Richard ^{[1
,2
,10
]}

Chatterjee, Koushik ^{[2
]}

Marti-Vidal, Ivan ^{[11
,12
]}

Gomez, Jose L. ^{[13
]}

Akiyama, Kazunori ^{[14
,15
,16
]}

Liska, Matthew ^{[1
]}

Hernquist, Lars ^{[1
]}

Tremblay, Grant ^{[1
]}

Vogelsberger, Mark ^{[17
]}

Alcock, Charles ^{[1
]}

Smith, Randall ^{[1
]}

Steiner, James ^{[1
]}

Tiede, Paul ^{[1
,2
]}

Roelofs, Freek ^{[1
,2
]}

机构：

[1] Harvard & Smithsonian, Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

[2] Harvard Univ, Black Hole Initiat, 20 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

[3] Inst Adv Study, Sch Nat Sci, 1 Einstein Dr, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA

[4] Princeton Univ, Princeton Grav Initiat, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA

[5] Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, 31 Caroline St North, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada

[6] Univ Waterloo, Dept Phys & Astron, 200 Univ Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada

[7] Max Planck Inst Radioastron, Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany

[8] Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 West Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA

[9] Princeton Univ, Princeton Grav Initiat, Jadwin Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA

[10] Univ Texas San Antonio, Dept Phys & Astron, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA

[11] Univ Valencia, Dept Astron & Astrofis, C Dr Moliner 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain

[12] Univ Valencia, Observ Astron, C Catedrat Beltran 2, E-46980 Paterna, Spain

[13] CSIC, Inst Astrofis Andalucia, Glorieta Astron S-N, Granada, Spain

[14] MIT, Haystack Observ, 99 Millstone Rd, Westford, MA 01886 USA

[15] Natl Astron Observ Japan, Mizusawa VLBI Observ, 2-12 Hoshigaoka, Oshu, Iwate 0230861, Japan

[16] Harvard Univ, Black Hole Initiat, 20 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA

[17] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

来源：

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL | 2023年 / 950卷 / 01期

基金：

美国国家科学基金会;

关键词：

M87 EVENT HORIZON; ADVECTION-DOMINATED ACCRETION; MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS; GRMHD SIMULATIONS; JETS; DISK; SHADOW; SCHEME;

D O I：

10.3847/1538-4357/acc8cd

中图分类号：

P1 [天文学];

学科分类号：

0704 ;

摘要：

We investigate general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations to determine the physical origin of the twisty patterns of linear polarization seen in spatially resolved black hole images and explain their morphological dependence on black hole spin. By characterizing the observed emission with a simple analytic ring model, we find that the twisty morphology is determined by the magnetic field structure in the emitting region. Moreover, the dependence of this twisty pattern on spin can be attributed to changes in the magnetic field geometry that occur due to the frame dragging. By studying an analytic ring model, we find that the roles of Doppler boosting and lensing are subdominant. Faraday rotation may cause a systematic shift in the linear polarization pattern, but we find that its impact is subdominant for models with strong magnetic fields and modest ion-to-electron temperature ratios. Models with weaker magnetic fields are much more strongly affected by Faraday rotation and have more complicated emission geometries than can be captured by a ring model. However, these models are currently disfavoured by the recent EHT observations of M87*. Our results suggest that linear polarization maps can provide a probe of the underlying magnetic field structure around a black hole, which may then be usable to indirectly infer black hole spins. The generality of these results should be tested with alternative codes, initial conditions, and plasma physics prescriptions.

引用

页数：25

共 41 条

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Algaba, Juan Carlos ;

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Ball, David ;

Balokovic, Mislav ;

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Benson, Bradford A. ;

Bintley, Dan ;

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Boland, Wilfred ;

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Crew, Geoffrey B. ;

Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro ;

Cui, Yuzhu ;

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Doeleman, Sheperd S. .

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Algaba, Juan Carlos ;

Alberdi, Antxon ;

Alef, Walter ;

Anantua, Richard ;

Asada, Keiichi ;

Azulay, Rebecca ;

Baczko, Anne-Kathrin ;

Ball, David ;

Balokovic, Mislav ;

Barrett, John ;

Benson, Bradford A. ;

Bintley, Dan ;

Blackburn, Lindy ;

Blundell, Raymond ;

Boland, Wilfred ;

Bouman, Katherine L. ;

Bower, Geoffrey C. ;

Boyce, Hope ;

Bremer, Michael ;

Brinkerink, Christiaan D. ;

Brissenden, Roger ;

Britzen, Silke ;

Broderick, Avery E. ;

Broguiere, Dominique ;

Bronzwaer, Thomas ;

Byun, Do-Young ;

Carlstrom, John E. ;

Chael, Andrew ;

Chan, Chi-kwan ;

Chatterjee, Shami ;

Chatterjee, Koushik ;

Chen, Ming-Tang ;

Chen, Yongjun ;

Chesler, Paul M. ;

Cho, Ilje ;

Christian, Pierre ;

Conway, John E. ;

Cordes, James M. ;

Crawford, Thomas M. ;

Crew, Geoffrey B. ;

Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro ;

Cui, Yuzhu ;

Davelaar, Jordy ;

De Laurentis, Mariafelicia ;

Deane, Roger ;

Dempsey, Jessica ;

Desvignes, Gregory ;

Dexter, Jason ;

Doeleman, Sheperd S. .

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Alberdi, Antxon ;

Alef, Walter ;

Asada, Keiichi ;

Azulay, Rebecca ;

Baczko, Anne-Kathrin ;

Ball, David ;

Balokovic, Mislav ;

Barrett, John ;

Bintley, Dan ;

Blackburn, Lindy ;

Boland, Wilfred ;

Bouman, Katherine L. ;

Bower, Geoffrey C. ;

Bremer, Michael ;

Brinkerink, Christiaan D. ;

Brissenden, Roger ;

Britzen, Silke ;

Broderick, Avery E. ;

Broguiere, Dominique ;

Bronzwaer, Thomas ;

Byun, Do-Young ;

Carlstrom, John E. ;

Chael, Andrew ;

Chan, Chi-kwan ;

Chatterjee, Shami ;

Chatterjee, Koushik ;

Chen, Ming-Tang ;

Chen, Yongjun ;

Cho, Ilje ;

Christian, Pierre ;

Conway, John E. ;

Cordes, James M. ;

Crew, Geoffrey B. ;

Cui, Yuzhu ;

Davelaar, Jordy ;

De Laurentis, Mariafelicia ;

Deane, Roger ;

Dempsey, Jessica ;

Desvignes, Gregory ;

Dexter, Jason ;

Doeleman, Sheperd S. ;

Eatough, Ralph P. ;

Falcke, Heino ;

Fish, Vincent L. ;

Fomalont, Ed ;

Fraga-Encinas, Raquel ;

Friberg, Per ;

Fromm, Christian M. ;

Gomez, Jose L. .

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Asada, Keiichi ;

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Ball, David ;

Balokovic, Mislav ;

Barrett, John ;

Bintley, Dan ;

Blackburn, Lindy ;

Boland, Wilfred ;

Bouman, Katherine L. ;

Bower, Geoffrey C. ;

Bremer, Michael ;

Brinkerink, Christiaan D. ;

Brissenden, Roger ;

Britzen, Silke ;

Broderick, Avery E. ;

Broguiere, Dominique ;

Bronzwaer, Thomas ;

Byun, Do-Young ;

Carlstrom, John E. ;

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Chan, Chi-Kwan ;

Chatterjee, Shami ;

Chatterjee, Koushik ;

Chen, Ming-Tang ;

Chen, Yongjun ;

Cho, Ilje ;

Christian, Pierre ;

Conway, John E. ;

Cordes, James M. ;

Crew, Geoffrey B. ;

Cui, Yuzhu ;

Davelaar, Jordy ;

De Laurentis, Mariafelicia ;

Deane, Roger ;

Dempsey, Jessica ;

Desvignes, Gregory ;

Dexter, Jason ;

Doeleman, Sheperd S. ;

Eatough, Ralph P. ;

Falcke, Heino ;

Fish, Vincent L. ;

Fomalont, Ed ;

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Friberg, Per ;

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← 1 2 3 4 5 →

共 41 条

[1] First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VI. The Shadow and Mass of the Central Black Hole [J].

Akiyama, Kazunori ;

Alberdi, Antxon ;

Alef, Walter ;

Asada, Keiichi ;

Azulay, Rebecca ;

Baczko, Anne-Kathrin ;

Ball, David ;

Balokovic, Mislav ;

Barrett, John ;

Bintley, Dan ;

Blackburn, Lindy ;

Boland, Wilfred ;

Bouman, Katherine L. ;

Bower, Geoffrey C. ;

Bremer, Michael ;

Brinkerink, Christiaan D. ;

Brissenden, Roger ;

Britzen, Silke ;

Broderick, Avery E. ;

Broguiere, Dominique ;

Bronzwaer, Thomas ;

Byun, Do-Young ;

Carlstrom, John E. ;

Chael, Andrew ;

Chan, Chi-Kwan ;

Chatterjee, Shami ;

Chatterjee, Koushik ;

Chen, Ming-Tang ;

Chen, Yongjun ;

Cho, Ilje ;

Christian, Pierre ;

Conway, John E. ;

Cordes, James M. ;

Crew, Geoffrey B. ;

Cui, Yuzhu ;

Davelaar, Jordy ;

De Laurentis, Mariafelicia ;

Deane, Roger ;

Dempsey, Jessica ;

Desvignes, Gregory ;

Dexter, Jason ;

Doeleman, Sheperd S. ;

Eatough, Ralph P. ;

Falcke, Heino ;

Fish, Vincent L. ;

Fomalont, Ed ;

Fraga-Encinas, Raquel ;

Friberg, Per ;

Fromm, Christian M. ;

Gomez, Jose L. .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2019, 875 (01)

[2] First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. V. Physical Origin of the Asymmetric Ring [J].

Akiyama, Kazunori ;

Alberdi, Antxon ;

Alef, Walter ;

Asada, Keiichi ;

Azulay, Rebecca ;

Baczko, Anne-Kathrin ;

Ball, David ;

Balokovic, Mislav ;

Barrett, John ;

Bintley, Dan ;

Blackburn, Lindy ;

Boland, Wilfred ;

Bouman, Katherine L. ;

Bower, Geoffrey C. ;

Bremer, Michael ;

Brinkerink, Christiaan D. ;

Brissenden, Roger ;

Britzen, Silke ;

Broderick, Avery E. ;

Broguiere, Dominique ;

Bronzwaer, Thomas ;

Byun, Do-Young ;

Carlstrom, John E. ;

Chael, Andrew ;

Chan, Chi-kwan ;

Chatterjee, Shami ;

Chatterjee, Koushik ;

Chen, Ming-Tang ;

Chen, Yongjun ;

Cho, Ilje ;

Christian, Pierre ;

Conway, John E. ;

Cordes, James M. ;

Crew, Geoffrey B. ;

Cui, Yuzhu ;

Davelaar, Jordy ;

De Laurentis, Mariafelicia ;

Deane, Roger ;

Dempsey, Jessica ;

Desvignes, Gregory ;

Dexter, Jason ;

Doeleman, Sheperd S. ;

Eatough, Ralph P. ;

Falcke, Heino ;

Fish, Vincent L. ;

Fomalont, Ed ;

Fraga-Encinas, Raquel ;

Friberg, Per ;

Fromm, Christian M. ;

Gomez, Jose L. .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2019, 875 (01)

[3] First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole [J].

Akiyama, Kazunori ;

Alberdi, Antxon ;

Alef, Walter ;

Asada, Keiichi ;

Azulay, Rebecca ;

Baczko, Anne-Kathrin ;

Ball, David ;

Balokovic, Mislav ;

Barrett, John ;

Bintley, Dan ;

Blackburn, Lindy ;

Boland, Wilfred ;

Bouman, Katherine L. ;

Bower, Geoffrey C. ;

Bremer, Michael ;

Brinkerink, Christiaan D. ;

Brissenden, Roger ;

Britzen, Silke ;

Broderick, Avery E. ;

Broguiere, Dominique ;

Bronzwaer, Thomas ;

Byun, Do-Young ;

Carlstrom, John E. ;

Chael, Andrew ;

Chan, Chi-kwan ;

Chatterjee, Shami ;

Chatterjee, Koushik ;

Chen, Ming-Tang ;

Chen, Yongjun ;

Cho, Ilje ;

Christian, Pierre ;

Conway, John E. ;

Cordes, James M. ;

Crew, Geoffrey B. ;

Cui, Yuzhu ;

Davelaar, Jordy ;

De Laurentis, Mariafelicia ;

Deane, Roger ;

Dempsey, Jessica ;

Desvignes, Gregory ;

Dexter, Jason ;

Doeleman, Sheperd S. ;

Eatough, Ralph P. ;

Falcke, Heino ;

Fish, Vincent L. ;

Fomalont, Ed ;

Fraga-Encinas, Raquel ;

Freeman, William T. ;

Friberg, Per ;

Fromm, Christian M. .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2019, 875 (01)

[4] First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VIII. Magnetic Field Structure near The Event Horizon [J].

Akiyama, Kazunori ;

Algaba, Juan Carlos ;

Alberdi, Antxon ;

Alef, Walter ;

Anantua, Richard ;

Asada, Keiichi ;

Azulay, Rebecca ;

Baczko, Anne-Kathrin ;

Ball, David ;

Balokovic, Mislav ;

Barrett, John ;

Benson, Bradford A. ;

Bintley, Dan ;

Blackburn, Lindy ;

Blundell, Raymond ;

Boland, Wilfred ;

Bouman, Katherine L. ;

Bower, Geoffrey C. ;

Boyce, Hope ;

Bremer, Michael ;

Brinkerink, Christiaan D. ;

Brissenden, Roger ;

Britzen, Silke ;

Broderick, Avery E. ;

Broguiere, Dominique ;

Bronzwaer, Thomas ;

Byun, Do-Young ;

Carlstrom, John E. ;

Chael, Andrew ;

Chan, Chi-kwan ;

Chatterjee, Shami ;

Chatterjee, Koushik ;

Chen, Ming-Tang ;

Chen, Yongjun ;

Chesler, Paul M. ;

Cho, Ilje ;

Christian, Pierre ;

Conway, John E. ;

Cordes, James M. ;

Crawford, Thomas M. ;

Crew, Geoffrey B. ;

Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro ;

Cui, Yuzhu ;

Davelaar, Jordy ;

De Laurentis, Mariafelicia ;

Deane, Roger ;

Dempsey, Jessica ;

Desvignes, Gregory ;

Dexter, Jason ;

Doeleman, Sheperd S. .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2021, 910 (01)

[5] First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VII. Polarization of the Ring [J].

Akiyama, Kazunori ;

Algaba, Juan Carlos ;

Alberdi, Antxon ;

Alef, Walter ;

Anantua, Richard ;

Asada, Keiichi ;

Azulay, Rebecca ;

Baczko, Anne-Kathrin ;

Ball, David ;

Balokovic, Mislav ;

Barrett, John ;

Benson, Bradford A. ;

Bintley, Dan ;

Blackburn, Lindy ;

Blundell, Raymond ;

Boland, Wilfred ;

Bouman, Katherine L. ;

Bower, Geoffrey C. ;

Boyce, Hope ;

Bremer, Michael ;

Brinkerink, Christiaan D. ;

Brissenden, Roger ;

Britzen, Silke ;

Broderick, Avery E. ;

Broguiere, Dominique ;

Bronzwaer, Thomas ;

Byun, Do-Young ;

Carlstrom, John E. ;

Chael, Andrew ;

Chan, Chi-kwan ;

Chatterjee, Shami ;

Chatterjee, Koushik ;

Chen, Ming-Tang ;

Chen, Yongjun ;

Chesler, Paul M. ;

Cho, Ilje ;

Christian, Pierre ;

Conway, John E. ;

Cordes, James M. ;

Crawford, Thomas M. ;

Crew, Geoffrey B. ;

Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro ;

Cui, Yuzhu ;

Davelaar, Jordy ;

De Laurentis, Mariafelicia ;

Deane, Roger ;

Dempsey, Jessica ;

Desvignes, Gregory ;

Dexter, Jason ;

Doeleman, Sheperd S. .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2021, 910 (01)

[6] First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. III. Data Processing and Calibration [J].

Akiyama, Kazunori ;

Alberdi, Antxon ;

Alef, Walter ;

Asada, Keiichi ;

Azulay, Rebecca ;

Baczko, Anne-Kathrin ;

Ball, David ;

Balokovic, Mislav ;

Barrett, John ;

Bintley, Dan ;

Blackburn, Lindy ;

Boland, Wilfred ;

Bouman, Katherine L. ;

Bower, Geoffrey C. ;

Bremer, Michael ;

Brinkerink, Christiaan D. ;

Brissenden, Roger ;

Britzen, Silke ;

Broderick, Avery E. ;

Broguiere, Dominique ;

Bronzwaer, Thomas ;

Byun, Do-Young ;

Carlstrom, John E. ;

Chael, Andrew ;

Chan, Chi-kwan ;

Chatterjee, Shami ;

Chatterjee, Koushik ;

Chen, Ming-Tang ;

Chen, Yongjun ;

Cho, Ilje ;

Christian, Pierre ;

Conway, John E. ;

Cordes, James M. ;

Crew, Geoffrey B. ;

Cui, Yuzhu ;

Davelaar, Jordy ;

De Laurentis, Mariafelicia ;

Deane, Roger ;

Dempsey, Jessica ;

Desvignes, Gregory ;

Dexter, Jason ;

Doeleman, Sheperd S. ;

Eatough, Ralph P. ;

Falcke, Heino ;

Fish, Vincent L. ;

Fomalont, Ed ;

Fraga-Encinas, Raquel ;

Friberg, Per ;

Fromm, Christian M. ;

Gomez, Jose L. .

ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS, 2019, 875 (01)

[7] First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. II. Array and Instrumentation [J].

Akiyama, Kazunori ;

Alberdi, Antxon ;

Alef, Walter ;

Asada, Keiichi ;

Azulay, Rebecca ;

Baczko, Anne-Kathrin ;

Ball, David ;

Balokovic, Mislav ;

Barrett, John ;

Bintley, Dan ;

Blackburn, Lindy ;

Boland, Wilfred ;

Bouman, Katherine L. ;

Bower, Geoffrey C. ;

Bremer, Michael ;

Brinkerink, Christiaan D. ;

Brissenden, Roger ;

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