Characterization and potential applications of Grewia hirsuta fibers: nature's own composite materials

Grewia fibers, derived from the bast of the Grewia plant, are one of the fascinating examples of naturally occurring composites found in various regions around the world. These fibers are comprised primarily of cellulose fibrils embedded within a lignin matrix, forming a unique and robust material. This article provides an overview of the main constituents of Grewia fibers and explores their structural and mechanical properties. Cellulose, the principal component of Grewia fibers, offers exceptional tensile strength and stiffness due to its long, chain-like polymer structure. Lignin, on the other hand, acts as a binding matrix, enhancing the overall durability and resistance to environmental factors. Hemicellulose, though in smaller proportions, contributes to the composite's flexibility and adherence. The fibers were extracted from the external part of the plant and chemically treated with sodium hydroxide. To comprehend the character of molecular bonds, crystallinity and their correlations with various bonds in fiber structure FTIR technique were used. The surface morphology of fibers was examined through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This article highlights the characterization of Grewia fibers to understand the unique combination of cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose in Grewia fibers which may open the door to potential applications in various industries, such as textiles, construction, and bioengineering.