Optimal sensor placement methodology of triaxial accelerometers using combined metaheuristic algorithms for structural health monitoring applications

Structural health monitoring applications present a valuable opportunity for cities to improve their in-frastructures environmental life cycle, reduce operational maintenance cost and enhance their resiliency through early damage detection capabilities. The dilemma with structural health monitoring resides in balancing between the number of sensors to be installed and the amount of data that needs to be transferred, stored, and managed. These technical complications directly impact the cost efficiency of such solutions. Thus, limiting the wide range deployment of such technology. Henceforth, Optimal Sensor Placement (OSP) methodologies offers the possi-bility to optimize the sensor configuration that will ensure a proper and cost-efficient monitoring system to obtain the maximum modal information related to any infrastructure type.In this study, a novel "Modal Assurance Criterion (MAC)"-based methodology with the aim of the optimal sensor placement is presented using a 410 m high rise structure. The Modal Kinetic Energy (MKE) and a MAC -based objective function are combined in the suggested methodology. The optimization problem is solved using a new hybrid metaheuristic algorithm that combines Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO), Artificial Bee Colonies (ABC), and Stochastic Paint Optimizer (SPO). With no user-defined parameters, the combination of algorithms exhibits up to 86% better fitness, avoids local optimums due to higher accuracy, and shows promising results for cost calculation optimization because it requires 50% to 70% fewer iterations compared to six evolutionary algorithms that are usually used.