Human factors in pelvic exenteration: themes in high-performing teams

AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the role of human factors in pelvic exenteration and how team performance is optimized in the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative phases.MethodQualitative analysis of focus groups was used to capture authentic human interactions that reflect real-world multiprofessional performance. Theatre teams were treated as clusters, with a particular focus group containing participants who worked together regularly.ResultsThree focus groups were conducted. Four themes emerged - driving force, technical skills, nontechnical skills and operational aspects - with a total of 16 subthemes. Saturation was reached by group 2, with no new subthemes emerging after this. There was some interaction between the themes and the subthemes. Broadly speaking, driving force led to the development of specialised technical skills and nontechnical skills, which were operationalized into successful service through operational aspects.ConclusionThis study of teams performing pelvic exenteration is the first in the field using this methodology. It has generated rich qualitative data with authentic insights into the pragmatic aspects of developing and delivering a service. In addition, it shows how the themes are connected or 'coupled' in a network, for example technical and non-technical skills. In a complex system, 'tight coupling' leads to both high performance and adverse events. In this paper, we report the qualitative aspects of high performance by pelvic exenteration teams in a complex sociotechnical system, which depends on tight coupling of several themes.