Early detection of cancer utilizing biosensors based on "Green Graphene": An innovative and sustainable methodology for advancing cancer diagnosis

Early and accurate diagnosis of cancer is essential to ensure successful treatment and improve patient outcomes. However, conventional cancer diagnostic methods often encounter limitations such as invasiveness, high costs, and lengthy procedures. This review paper aims to explore the integration potential of Green Graphene (GG) with biosensors to achieve a sustainable platform for early cancer diagnosis. GG, derived in an environmentfriendly manner, possesses unique properties that make it an appealing candidate for cancer diagnostics. Its remarkable features, including a large surface area, excellent biocompatibility, and high stability, facilitate effective interactions with cancer cells. To enhance the selective binding of GG to cancer cells for improved detection via biosensors, various surface modification and functionalization techniques have been developed. The sustainability aspect of GG aligns with the increasing focus on environmentally friendly healthcare practices. Compared to conventional materials used in cancer diagnostics, GG's production minimizes environmental impact. Furthermore, GG demonstrates promise in cancer diagnosis due to its biocompatibility and versatility. This review paper provides an in-depth overview of current research on GG as a sustainable material for early cancer diagnosis. By addressing the limitations of conventional methods, GG-based diagnostics offer a promising alternative that promotes environmentally friendly healthcare practices. The integration of GG into biosensors for cancer diagnosis opens new possibilities for personalized treatment strategies, potentially revolutionizing the field of oncology and ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes.