[1] Keio Univ, Sch Med, Div Cardiol, Tokyo, Japan
[2] Kyorin Univ, Dept Cardiovasc Med, Fac Med, Tokyo, Japan
[3] Tokyo Med Univ, Dept Cardiol, Ibaraki Med Ctr, Ibaraki, Japan
[4] Mito Saiseikai Gen Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Ibaraki, Japan
[5] Kobe City Med Ctr Gen Hosp, Dept Cardiovasc Med, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
[6] Kobe City Med Ctr Gen Hosp, Dept Clin Res Support, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
[7] Natl Cerebral & Cardiovasc Ctr, Dept Cardiovasc Med, Osaka, Japan
[8] Kurume Univ, Dept Internal Med, Div Cardiovasc Med, Sch Med, Fukuoka, Japan
[9] Saiseikai Cent Hosp, Dept Cardiol, Tokyo, Japan
[10] Tohoku Univ, Dept Cardiovasc Med, Grad Sch Med, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
[11] Tokai Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cardiol, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
[12] Kindai Univ, Dept Cardiol, Fac Med, Osaka, Japan
[13] Kyoto Univ, Dept Cardiol, Grad Sch Med, Kyoto, Japan
[14] Tohoku Univ, Dept Palliat Nursing, Hlth Sci, Grad Sch Med, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
[15] Univ Penn, Penn Med Nudge Unit, Philadelphia, PA USA
[16] St Lukes Int Univ, Dept Cardiovasc Med, Chuo Ku, Tokyo, Japan