SpPdp11 Administration in Diet Modified the Transcriptomic Response and Its Microbiota Associated in Mechanically Induced Wound Sparus aurata Skin

Simple Summary This study evaluated using NGS techniques and bioinformatic analysis the influence on the microbiota and transcriptomic response of skin mechanically wounded gilthead seabream (S. aurata) specimens fed with a probiotic SpPdp11 supplemented diet. Four group of fish were established: non-wounded and wounded fed control diet, and non-wounded and wounded fed a probiotic enriched diet. The wounded group that received the probiotic diet showed a decrease in the abundance of taxa related to bacterial biofilm formation, and transcriptomic results suggested that specimens of this same group had a group of genes up-regulated and down-regulated related differently to those expressed in control group (non-wounded). Then, five genera that presented significant differences between these groups showed positive correlations with genes related to cell migration and negative correlations with inflammation and cell proliferation. These results are promising, and they open new perspectives and possibilities in the use of probiotic SpPdp11 to improve the skin after an injury, which can happen frequently in farmed specimens. Skin lesions are a frequent fact associated with intensive conditions affecting farmed fish. Knowing that the use of probiotics can improve fish skin health, SpPdp11 dietary administration has demonstrated beneficial effects for farmed fish, so its potential on the skin needs to be studied more deeply. The wounded specimens that received the diet with SpPdp11 showed a decrease in the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae, Photobacterium and Achromobacter related to bacterial biofilm formation, as well as the overexpression of genes involved in signaling mechanisms (itpr3), cell migration and differentiation (panxa, ttbk1a, smpd3, vamp5); and repression of genes related to cell proliferation (vstm4a, areg), consistent with a more efficient skin healing processes than that observed in the wounded control group. In addition, among the groups of damaged skin with different diets, Achromobacter, f_Ruminococcaceae, p_Bacteroidetes, Fluviicola and Flavobacterium genera with significant differences showed positive correlations with genes related to cell migration and negative correlations with inflammation and cell proliferation and may be the target of future studies.