Antioxidant-Rich Nutraceutical as a Therapeutic Strategy for Sickle Cell Disease

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetically inherited disease in which the "SS" individual possesses two copies of the abnormal beta-globin gene. This disease is one of the most dominant genetic diseases in the world. SCD is marked by the propensity of red cell hemoglobin to polymerize and distort the red cell from a biconcave disk shape into a sickle shape, resulting in a typical vaso-occlusive episode and accelerated hemolysis. Plants are rich sources of bioactive compounds that are promising anti-sickling agents to scavenge free radicals, thereby ensuring oxidative balance. The current review highlights the potential therapeutic benefits of antioxidant-rich nutraceutical in the treatment and management of sickle cell disease. The anti-sickling potential of nutraceutical is attributed to the presence of antioxidant bioactive chemicals such as alkaloids, polyphenols, vitamins, and minerals, which acts as scavengers of free radicals that prevent oxidative damage of the hemoglobin and prevent hemolysis, facilitating longer erythrocyte lifespan. The challenges of current therapies for SCD and future directions are also discussed. KEY TEACHING POINTS Sickle cell disease is a genetically inherited disease in which SS individuals possess two copies of the abnormal beta-globin gene. Oxidative stress contributes to the pathophysiology of secondary dysfunction in sickle cell patients. Antioxidants can play a vital role in maintaining a balance between oxidant and antioxidant defense systems. Nutraceutical rich in antioxidants such as alkaloids, polyphenols, vitamins, and minerals is potential therapeutic agents for sickle cell disease. An antioxidant-rich nutraceutical may act to reduce vaso-occlusive crises.