Energy Consumption Model for LoRaWAN via Field Experiments for Smart Agriculture

This paper proposes a scheme to model the energy consumption of LoRaWAN, which is a popular example of low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs), nodes via the results of outdoor field experiments by assuming regional smart agriculture as a use case for internet of things (IoT). Specifically, we derive an experimental approximation formula to estimate the battery lifetime by introducing parameters such as spread factor and payload length. The validity of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by confirming that the results obtained by the approximate formula, the experimental and theoretical results generally agree, regardless of the node state and spread factor. Furthermore, we show that the obtained approximate formula can be used to identify the current consumption value in the sleep state that should be achieved to achieve the desired battery lifetime.