Characteristics and correlates of disease-related knowledge and exercise self-efficacy among cardiac patients attending virtual cardiac rehabilitation during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Peru

Background: Government responses and restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic (e.g., limits to non-urgent health care services, including non-urgent outpatient appointments) led to the suspension of center-based (in-person) cardiac rehabilitation (CR), with many programs switching to virtual delivery. This study aimed to understand the characteristics and correlates of disease-related knowledge and exercise self-efficacy in a group of patients attending a virtual CR program during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Peru.Methods: In this prospective observational study, 240 patients receiving virtual CR care (exercise instructions and patient education) between August/2020 and December/2021 completed questionnaires pre-and post-CR assessing disease-related knowledge (CADE-Q SV questionnaire) and self-efficacy (SE; Ban-dura's Exercise SE scale). Paired t tests were used to investigate changes pre/post-CR and Pearson corre-lation coefficients were used to determine the association between knowledge/SE and patients' charac-teristics.Results: Participants were mainly comprised of men, with a cardiac diagnosis of stable coronary artery disease, who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention or had a known diagnosis of hypertension and with at least one cardiovascular risk factor (95.8%). Mean total knowledge scores improved signifi-cantly at post-CR (12.9 +/- 2.4 to 15.6 +/- 2.0/20; p < 0.001), as well as in 4/5 knowledge areas (cardiovascular risk factors, exercise, nutrition, and psychosocial risk; p < 0.001). Mean SE scores improved significantly at post-CR (1.9 +/- 0.9 to 3.0 +/- 0.9/5; p = 0.01). Post-CR knowledge and SE were significantly correlated with cardiac diagnosis and surgical procedures ( r = 0.17, p = 0.02 and r = 0.27, p = 0.02, respectively).Conclusions: The virtual CR program improved disease-related knowledge and SE of cardiac patients during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Post-CR outcomes were correlated with cardiac diagnosis and surgical procedures and more research with other characteristics is warrantied.(c) 2023 Society for Vascular Nursing, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.