Screening of Anti-cancer Activity of rGO-Bi2O3 Nanocomposite on Apoptosis in A549 and NCI-H460 Lung Cancer Cell Lines

The present study emphasizes the inclusion of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) enhances the anticancer properties leading us to investigate cytotoxicity and apoptosis on lung cancer cell lines. Non-small cell lung cancer A549 and NCI-H460 were treated with graphene oxide (GO), rGO, and rGO-Bi2O3 nanocomposite, successfully prepared using the hydrothermal method by adopting green reduction of GO. The synthesized materials were confirmed by various characterizations such as X-ray diffraction, FT-Raman spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, Energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The interlayer is observed to be reduced for rGO as compared to that of GO because of the removal of oxygen functional groups, whereas the d-spacing for rGO-Bi2O3 nanocomposite is almost the same as for rGO. Raman excitation peaks were obtained by a laser wavelength of 532 nm. The increase in the intensity of D and G bands (ID/IG) for rGO is due to implying restoration of the p-conjugation increase in order by reduction. SEM shows the growth of Bi2O3 nanoneedles on the rGO sheets, and nanocomposite-containing elements such as carbon, oxygen, and bismuth were certain by EDAX. The functional groups were examined using the intensity of FTIR peaks. Zeta potential analysis, negative value of-3.86 mV was identified for rGO-Bi2O3 nanocomposite. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was found to be 160 mu g/mL and 150 mu g/mL for GO, 150 mu g/mL and 120 mu g/mL for rGO, and 60 mu g/mL and 80 mu g/mL for rGO-Bi2O3 nanocomposite. It is expected that this investigation would be useful to develop GO, rGO, and rGO-Bi2O3 nanocomposite-based anticancer activity to detect its effects on apoptosis in cancer cells.