Microfluidic (bio)-sensors based on 2-D layered materials

Microfluidics has brought about tremendous advancements in measurement science, enabling low sample consumption, fast readout due to short diffusion distances and high throughput; the small footprint allows for multiplexing of chemical and biosensing. These features have been further enhanced by the incorporation of nanomaterials into microfluidic systems, in particular for electrochemical analysis systems. Much of the research regarding the use of 2-D materials for microfluidic biosensors has been dedicated to graphene nanostructures (graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide and graphene quantum dots), less attention has been given to other graphene analogues. The aim of this review is to highlight the scientific advancements in analytical chemistry applications related to a wider range of 2-D materials such as 2-D Oxides, graphene analogues, 2-D chalcogenides and MXenes. The review focusses particularly on microfluidic electrochemical and optical sensors. (c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.