Welfare considerations for farming black soldier flies, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae): a model for the insects as food and feed industry

被引:41
作者
Barrett, M. [1 ,2 ]
Chia, S. Y. [3 ]
Fischer, B. [2 ,4 ]
Tomberlin, J. K. [5 ]
机构
[1] Calif State Univ Dominguez Hills, Dept Biol, Carson, CA 90747 USA
[2] Rethink Prior, 530 Divisadero St, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA
[3] Wageningen Univ & Res, Lab Entomol, POB 16, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands
[4] Texas State Univ, Dept Philosophy, 601 Univ Dr, San Marcos, TX 78666 USA
[5] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Entomol, College Stn, TX 77843 USA
关键词
insect welfare; rearing conditions; survival; slaughter methods; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; SUBSTRATE MOISTURE-CONTENT; FLY DIPTERA; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; POULTRY MANURE; LARVAL DENSITY; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ECTOPARASITIC MITES; CHICKEN MANURE; DAIRY MANURE;
D O I
10.3920/JIFF2022.0041
中图分类号
S [农业科学];
学科分类号
09 ;
摘要
Over two hundred billion black soldier flies (BSF, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)) are reared annually across the globe, with the industry projected to grow substantially in the coming decade. Black soldier flies are being actively explored across the globe for use as livestock feed; fishmeal replacements; biodiesel; human, animal, and food waste management; and even sustainable human protein. Despite the huge number of individual insects reared and interest in BSF welfare by numerous producers and academics, there is no paper that considers the species-specific welfare of BSF in farmed conditions. We review factors that relate to BSF welfare in commercial rearing facilities, including: diseases/parasites, abiotic conditions (temperature, humidity/moisture, substrate aeration, light, pupation substrates, and adult spatial needs), adult and larval nutritional considerations, injury and crowding, handling-associated stress, selective breeding and genetic modification, environmental contaminants, and slaughter methods. We conclude with a discussion of the most pressing welfare concerns for the industry, recommendations for altering the conditions that give rise to them, and suggestions for future research directions that would lend valuable insights to BSF welfare. While this summary is BSF-centric, the core topic of animal welfare applies to all insect models currently, or in the future, produced as food and feed.
引用
收藏
页码:119 / 148
页数:30
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