Biogenic Pd-nanoparticles from Lantana trifolia seeds extract: Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic reduction of textile dyes

In the present work, the microwave-assisted biogenic synthesis of Palladium Nanoparticles (PdNPs) employing different concentrations of Lantana trifolia seeds extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent in accordance with the concept of environmentally friendly approach. The synthesized PdNPs were characterized using several analytical techniques to examine their morphology, microstructure, crystallinity, optical, and surface functional modification properties. The formation of PdNPs in the reaction solution was evidenced by a visible black color and broad continuous absorption spectra in the UV-Vis absorption spectra. The FTIR spectra were revealed that the phytochemicals were interacted with Pd metal in nanoparticle formation. The prepared PdNPs have a spherical shape and polydispersity nature with an average size of particles is 10 +/- 2 nm. In addition, the synthesized PdNPs were well stabilized (zeta potential =-25.5 +/- 2.8 mV) by the phytochemicals in seed extract and a face-centered cubic crystal (FCC) structure. The biosynthesized PdNPs were further investigated as a nanocatalyst in the catalytic reduction of Crystal Violet (CV) and Methyl Orange (MO) dyes in the presence of NaBH4 at room temperature. For CV and MO dyes reduction, the homogenous catalytic performance of PdNPs resulted in practically > 98 % of reduction with kinetic rate constant values of 0.393 min-1 (10 min) and 0.232 min-1 (18 min), respectively. Moreover, there is no significant loss in catalytic activity was observed after recovery and reusability of the biosynthesized PdNPs.