Printed Solid-State Batteries

Solid-state batteries (SSBs) possess the advantages of high safety, high energy density and long cycle life, which hold great promise for future energy storage systems. The advent of printed electronics has transformed the paradigm of battery manufacturing as it offers a range of accessible, versatile, cost-effective, time-saving and ecoefficiency manufacturing techniques for batteries with outstanding microscopic size and aesthetic diversity. In this review, the state-of-the-art technologies and structural characteristics of printed SSBs have been comprehensively summarized and discussed, with a focus on the cutting-edge printing processes. Representative materials for fabricating printed electrodes and solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) have been systematically outlined, and performance optimization methods of printed SSBs through material modification have been discussed. Furthermore, this article highlights the design principles and adjustment strategies of printing processes of advanced SSB devices to realize high performance. Finally, the persistent challenges and potential opportunities are also highlighted and discussed, aiming to enlighten the future research for mass production of printed SSBs.