Spatiotemporal Acoustic Vortex Beams with Transverse Orbital Angular Momentum

Recently, the discovery of optical spatiotemporal (ST) vortex beams with transverse orbital angular momentum (OAM) has attracted increasing attention and is expected to extend the research scope and open new opportunities for practical applications of OAM states. The ST vortex beams are also applicable to other physical fields that involve wave phenomena, and here we develop the ST vortex concept in the field of acoustics and report the generation of Bessel-type ST acoustic vortex beams. The ST vortex beams are fully characterized using the scalar approach for the pressure field and the vector approach for the velocity field. We further investigate the transverse spreading effect and construct ST vortex beams with an ellipseshaped spectrum to reduce the spreading effect. We also experimentally demonstrated the orthogonality relations between ST vortex beams with different charges. Our study successfully demonstrates the versatility of the acoustic system for exploring and discovering spatiotemporally structured waves, inspiring further investigation of exotic wave physics.