Xenophagy as a Strategy for Mycobacterium leprae Elimination during Type 1 or Type 2 Leprosy Reactions: A Systematic Review

被引：1
作者：
Cerqueira, Debora Dantas Nucci [1 ,2 ]
Pereira, Ana Leticia Silva [1 ]
da Costa, Ana Elisa Coelho [1 ]
de Souza, Tarcisio Joaquim [3 ]
de Sousa Fernandes, Matheus Santos [1 ,2 ]
Souto, Fabricio Oliveira [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Santos, Patricia d'Emery Alves [1 ,2 ,3 ]
机构：
[1] Fed Univ Pernambuco UFPE, Keizo Asami Inst iLIKA, Dept Immunol, BR-50670901 Recife, PE, Brazil
[2] Fed Univ Pernambuco UFPE, Postgrad Program Biol Appl Hlth PPGBAS, BR-50670901 Recife, PE, Brazil
[3] Fed Univ Pernambuco UFPE, Life Sci Ctr NCV, Agreste Acad Ctr CAA, BR-55014900 Caruaru, PE, Brazil
来源：
PATHOGENS | 2023年 / 12卷 / 12期
关键词：
Mycobacterium leprae; leprosy reactions; autophagy; xenophagy; HOST-CELL; AUTOPHAGY;
D O I：
10.3390/pathogens12121455
中图分类号：
Q93 [微生物学];
学科分类号：
071005 ; 100705 ;
摘要：
Background: Mycobacterium leprae is an intracellular bacillus that causes leprosy, a neglected disease that affects macrophages and Schwann cells. Leprosy reactions are acute inflammatory responses to mycobacterial antigens, classified as type1 (T1R), a predominant cellular immune response, or type2 (T2R), a humoral phenomenon, leading to a high number of bacilli in infected cells and nerve structures. Xenophagy is a type of selective autophagy that targets intracellular bacteria for lysosomal degradation; however, its immune mechanisms during leprosy reactions are still unclear. This review summarizes the relationship between the autophagic process and M. leprae elimination during leprosy reactions. Methods: Three databases, PubMed/Medline (n = 91), Scopus (n = 73), and ScienceDirect (n = 124), were searched. After applying the eligibility criteria, articles were selected for independent peer reviewers in August 2023. Results: From a total of 288 studies retrieved, eight were included. In multibacillary (MB) patients who progressed to T1R, xenophagy blockade and increased inflammasome activation were observed, with IL-1 beta secretion before the reactional episode occurrence. On the other hand, recent data actually observed increased IL-15 levels before the reaction began, as well as IFN-gamma production and xenophagy induction. Conclusion: Our search results showed a dichotomy in the T1R development and their relationship with xenophagy. No T2R studies were found.
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页数：14
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