TG-MS analysis and kinetic study of co-combustion of ca-rich oil shale with biomass in air and oxy-like conditions

In this study, the combustion behavior of ca-rich oil shale, spruce biomass, and their blends under air and oxyfuel environments of 21/79 % and 30/70 % O-2 /CO2 like conditions were investigated. Non-isothermal thermogravi-metric (TG) experiments coupled with a quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS) were conducted to study individual fuels and their blends at 1:0, 4:1, 3:2, 2:3, 1:4, and 0:1 (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 wt.% Biomass) under three different heating rates 10, 30 and 50 degrees C/min. Co-combustion synergistic along with the kinetic analysis by the isoconversional Friedman method has been carried out to evaluate the combustion process. The results show that the addition of biomass enhanced combustion performance and reduced burnout tem-peratures. Under oxy conditions, the ignition temperatures stabilized with a biomass ratio > 40 %. Ash content was reduced with biomass addition and when switching from air to oxyfuel combustion, the temperature of blends' carbonate decomposition was stable at similar to 720 degrees C. A positive synergistic effect in the devolatilization and the combustion of light hydrocarbons occurred at higher biomass ratios. Yet, the char oxidation peaks were below zero indicating a negative effect under 21 % of inlet O-2. With increasing the heating rate, the negative syner-gistic effect was weakened for the three combustion atmospheres. SO(2 )emissions were reduced with increasing biomass ratio and increased under oxy mode along with H2O release. The activation energy (E) was lower in oxy conditions than in air mode for individual fuel and their blends, compared to the OS sample, the reduction was higher with increasing BM ratios and for the BM fuel. Overall, this study determines the appropriate conditions for the co-combustion of oil shale and spruce biomass under air and oxy modes for future carbon-negative capture applications in industrial oil shale combustion boilers.