Urban flood risk assessment using AHP and geospatial techniques in swat Pakistan

The rapid urbanization and changing climate patterns in Swat, Pakistan have increased the vulnerability of urban areas to flood events. Accurate assessment of flood risk is crucial for effective urban planning and disaster management. In current research study flood hazard index was developed using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) technique in combination with the geographical information system (GIS) environment in Swat, Pakistan. The study integrates various data sources, including topographic maps, land use/land cover information, rainfall data, and infrastructure data, to develop a comprehensive flood risk assessment model. The weights obtained from the AHP analysis are combined with geospatial data using a geographic information system (GIS) to generate flood risk maps. The flood hazard levels were categorized into five distinct classes: very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. Using the GIS-AHP approach, higher weights were assigned to rainfall, distance to river, elevation, and slope in comparison to NDVI, TWI, LULC, curvature, and soil type. The flood hazard map was then reclassified for each parameter. By overlaying these maps, it was determined that 5.6% of the total area is classified as very high flood risk, 52% as high risk, 39.3% as moderate risk, and 3.1% as low risk. The developed comprehensive flood risk assessment model in current study can identify high-risk areas, prioritize mitigation measures, and aid in effective urban planning and disaster management.