Multiscale structural characteristics and Heat-Moisture properties of 3D printed building Walls: A review

As 3D printed buildings are a relatively novel form of architecture, it is essential to evaluate their performance throughout their lifecycle to promote sustainable development. The heat and moisture properties of the building envelope impact the building's energy consumption and indoor environment, which is one of the challenges for 3D printed buildings in achieving their sustainability objectives. Owing to the unique microstructural and macrostructural characteristics of 3D printed building walls, the heat and moisture transport process becomes complicated and must be re-evaluated. This study focuses on the coupling effect of multiscale structural characteristics and the heat-moisture properties of 3D printed buildings and summarizes the current research status and deficiencies in these two aspects. Anisotropic thermal conductivity and water absorption via the interlayer have piqued the interest of scholars, and structural design has contributed to much progress in optimizing the properties of 3D printed building walls. However, with most of the research focusing on either structural characteristics or the heat or moisture transfer properties of 3D printed buildings, there is not enough research on the coupling relationship between the two. Advancements in material science and manufacturing processes have made it possible for 3D printed buildings to attain well-matched structures and properties. Therefore, this study proposes a research framework for eliminating structural and property defects, and further incorporating the environmental benefits at the performance design stage, under the belief that it will advance the development of sustainable 3D printed buildings.