Cost-Efficient Multi-GNSS Station with Real-Time Transmission for Geodynamics Applications

GNSS is a standard tool for monitoring and studying the Earth's dynamic environment. However, the development of dense GNSS measurements remains limited in many experiments by the cost of high-class geodetic equipment to achieve the high precision required by many applications. Recently, multi-constellation, multi-frequency, low-power and, above all, less expensive GNSS electronic chips have become available. We present a prototype of a low-cost, open-source multi-GNSS station. Our prototype comprises a dual-frequency GNSS chip, a calibrated antenna, a Raspberry Pi card and a 4G key for data transmission. The system is easy to deploy in the field and allows precise positioning in real-time and post-processing. We assess the performance of our prototype in terms of raw data quality, and quality of the obtained high rate and daily position one-year-long time series. Our results demonstrate a quality equivalent to high-class geodetic equipment and better quality than other low-cost systems proposed so far.