Dementia is Associated With Inferior Outcomes Following Emergency General Surgery

Introduction Given the steadily aging United States population, we used a national database to examine the association of dementia with clinical and financial outcomes following emergency general surgery. Methods All adults undergoing non-elective appendectomy, cholecystectomy, small bowel resection, large bowel resection, repair of perforated ulcer, or lysis of adhesions were identified within the 2016-2019 Nationwide Readmissions Database. Entropy balancing and multivariable regressions were used to assess the risk-adjusted association between dementia and in-hospital mortality, complications, length of stay, costs, non-home discharge, and 30-day unplanned readmissions. Results Of an estimated 1,332,922 patients, 2.7% had dementia. Compared to those without, patients with dementia were older, more commonly male, and had a greater burden of chronic conditions. Following entropy balancing and multivariable risk-adjustment, dementia was associated with increased odds of mortality and sepsis across all operations except perforated ulcer repair. Dementia was also linked to greater likelihood of pneumonia across all operative categories. Moreover, dementia was associated with increased length of stay for patients in all operative categories except perforated ulcer repair, while costs were only increased for those undergoing appendectomy, cholecystectomy, and lysis of adhesions. Dementia was also linked to higher odds of non-home discharge following all operations, while non-elective readmissions were only increased for patients undergoing cholecystectomy. Conclusions The present study found dementia to be associated with a significant clinical and financial burden. Our findings may help inform shared decision making with patients and their families.