Recycling solid waste to produce eco-friendly foamed concrete: A comprehensive review of approaches

Because of the global warming issue, stakeholders in the construction sector are searching for a suitable alternative to traditional concrete owing to its undesired properties like thermal conductivity and high dead load. rThe emerging trend is the adoption of rfoamed concrete (FC) because it has a high rstrength rcompared to its lightweight and low density, which varies between 300 and 1800 rkg/m3. These properties reduce the overall production cost, including rtransportation and rlabor costs. Moreover, the high porosity of FC significantly decreases the rthermal insulation, rproducing a suitable rstructure rfor different weathering rconditionsr. This paper reviews the properties and rapplications of eco-friendly FC, discussing its components as well as waste materials; different rfresh properties, such as stability and workability; and hardened properties, such as rcompressive, flexural, and tensile strengths. Furthermore, practical features such as durability, fire resistance, rthermal conductivity, microstructure, and sustainability of FC are explored to better appreciate the mutable features that support a superior comfortable atmosphere for whole climatic situations. This review concludes by shedding light on some future rrecommendations to encourage the applications of waste materials in FC in different rconstruction fields.r