Flight Test Analysis of UTM Conflict Detection Based on a Network Remote ID Using a Random Forest Algorithm

In an area where unmanned aerial system (UAS) traffic is high, a conflict detection system is one of the important components for the safety of UAS operations. A novel UAS traffic management (UTM) monitoring application was developed, including a conflict detection system using the inverted teardrop area detection based on real-time flight data transmitted from the network remote identification (Remote ID) modules. This research aimed to analyze the performance of the UTM-monitoring application based on flight test data using statistical and machine learning approaches. The flight tests were conducted using several types of small fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) controlled by a human pilot using a Taiwan cellular communication network in suburban and rural areas. Two types of scenarios that involved a stationary, on-the-ground intruder and a flying intruder were used to simulate a conflict event. Besides the statistical method calculating the mean and standard deviation, the random forest algorithm, including regressor and classifier modules, was used to analyze the flight parameters and timing parameters of the flight tests. The result indicates that the processing time of the UTM application was the most significant parameter to the conflict warning parameter, besides the relative distance and height between UAVs. In addition, the latency time was higher for the flight in the rural area than the suburban area and also higher for data transmitted from the flying position than the ground position. The findings of our study can be used as a reference for aviation authorities and other stakeholders in the development of future UTM systems.