Design of advanced and highly effective partially bio-energetic polybenzoxazines as the next generation of reactive structure materials

In this study, a new class of energetic green benzoxazine polymers is introduced based on vanillin, as a renewable reactant. The newly developed monomers were afforded by the reaction of vanillin with exploshores groups bearing compounds, namely the 2,4 dinitrophenylhydrazine and the para-nitroaniline, respectively, following the typical Mannich reaction. The chemical structure and the formation of the oxazine ring of both monomers were confirmed by H-1 and C-13 NMR, FTIR, and elemental analysis. The ring opening polymerization mechanism was investigated by FTIR and DSC-TGA analyses. The energetic performances, as well as the physicochemical properties, were studied by a bomb calorimeter, deflagration tester, and electronic densimeter. Overall, both polymers showed promising energetic performances with deflagration temperatures of about 275 and 261 & DEG;C for the 2,4 dinitrophenylhydrazine and para-nitroaniline-based polybenzoxazines, respectively. The thermal analysis results highlighted that these polymers can be effectively used as reactive structure materials (RSMs) owing to their combination of high thermal stability above operational temperatures and remarkable energetic performances.