Post-modified biomass derived carbon materials for energy storage supercapacitors: a review

With the continuous consumption of fossil energy and the destruction of the ecological environment, it is urgent to develop environmentally friendly and renewable energy storage devices. Biomass is more suitable to be used as an active material in energy storage systems than other carbon materials because of its abundance, sustainability, natural pore structure, high safety factor, and low cost. In this review, the source and classification of biomass and the common preparation and modification methods of biomass carbon materials for supercapacitors are summarized, and the factors affecting the electrochemical performance of biomass carbon materials are systematically discussed, such as specific surface area, porosity, activator type, surface functional groups, heteroatom doping, activated carbon-based composites, etc. The latest research progress in the preparation of biomass derived carbon materials for high performance supercapacitors is critically reviewed and summarized. At the same time, several challenges to be solved are analyzed, and the future development trends of biomass carbon materials in energy storage are prospected.