3D Vehicle Object Tracking Algorithm Based on Bounding Box Similarity Measurement

Effectively extracting features from a discrete point cloud is necessary for three-dimensional (3D) vehicle tracking. However, a point cloud data set is large and sparsely distributed, hindering the success of vehicle-tracking algorithms. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a 3D vehicle object tracking algorithm based on bounding box similarity measurement. The algorithm includes state prediction, temporal association, trajectory management, state update, and other processes. Also incorporated is a vehicle object temporal association method based on a siamese encoder. The bounding box is encoded into a high-dimensional space, the feature distance is calculated as the time series association cost, and triplet loss was introduced to urge the encoder to learn the geometric similarity of the truth matching box. A 3D Kalman filter and greedy matching are used to effectuate 3D vehicle object tracking algorithm. The experimental results using a KITTI multi-object tracking dataset show that the proposed algorithm can achieve good vehicle tracking performance. In the case of frame loss of point cloud in the frequency reduction simulation, compared with the benchmark method AB3DMOT, the average multi-object tracking accuracy ( AMOTA) and the average multi-object tracking accuracy ( AMOTP) of the improved method are increased by 2.62% and 1.41% respectively, and the performance is better in the frame loss scene.