Boosting Charge Mediation in Ferroelectric BaTiO3-x-Based Photoanode for Efficient and Stable Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a bottleneck to photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting; however, there remains an impressive challenge for intrinsic charge transport for the development of integrated photoanodes. Herein, covalent triazine frameworks as conjugated molecules are grafted on the surfaces of ferroelectric BaTiO3-x (CTF/BTO) nanorod array, and then oxyhydroxide oxygen evolution cocatalyst (OEC) is constructed as an integrated photoanode. The OEC/CTF/BTO array not only achieves a high photocurrent density of 0.83 mA cm(-2) at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (vs RHE) and low onset potential of approximate to 0.23 V-RHE, but also optimizes outstanding stability. To disclose the origin, the enhanced PEC activity can be contributed to the integration of CTF and OEC, enhancing light-harvesting capability, boosting charge carrier mediation, and promoting water oxidation kinetics through electrochemical analysis and density functional theory calculations. This study not only provides an alternative to accelerate charge transfer, but also paves the rational design and fabrication of integrated photoanodes for boosting PEC water splitting performance.