Changes and stability of hand nicotine levels in children of smokers: Associations with urinary biomarkers, reported child tobacco smoke exposure, and home smoking bans

被引:4
作者
Matt, Georg E. [1 ,7 ]
Merianos, Ashley L. [2 ]
Stone, Lara [3 ]
Wullenweber, Chase [3 ]
Quintana, Penelope J. E. [4 ]
Hoh, Eunha [4 ]
Dodder, Nathan G. [4 ,5 ]
Galvez, Nicolas Lopez [4 ]
Mahabee-Gittens, E. Melinda [3 ,6 ]
机构
[1] San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA
[2] Univ Cincinnati, Sch Human Serv, Cincinnati, OH USA
[3] Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Div Emergency Med, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA
[4] San Diego State Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA USA
[5] San Diego State Univ Res Fdn, San Diego, CA USA
[6] Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Cincinnati, OH USA
[7] San Diego State Univ, Coll Sci, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA
关键词
Secondhand smoke; Thirdhand smoke; Tobacco smoke exposure; Hand wipes; Nicotine; Cotinine; THIRDHAND SMOKE; COTININE;
D O I
10.1016/j.envint.2023.108239
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Background: Exposure to thirdhand smoke (THS) residue takes place through inhalation, ingestion, and dermal transfer. Hand nicotine levels have been proposed to measure THS pollution in the environment of children, but little is known about its variability and stability over time and correlates of change. Objectives: The goal was to determine the stability of hand nicotine in comparison to urinary biomarkers and to explore factors that influence changes in hand nicotine.Methods: Data were collected from 0 to 11-year-old children (Mean age = 5.9) who lived with >= 1 tobacco smokers (N = 129). At a 6-week interval, we collected repeated measures of hand nicotine, four urinary biomarkers (cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, nicotelline N-oxides, and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1butanol), and parent-reported child tobacco smoke exposure (TSE). Dependent sample t-tests, correlations, and multivariable regression analyses were conducted to examine the changes in child TSE.Results: Hand nicotine levels (r = 0.63, p < 0.001) showed similar correlations between repeated measures to urinary biomarkers (r = 0.58-0.71; p < 0.001). Different from urinary biomarkers, mean hand nicotine levels increased over time (t(113) = 3.37, p < 0.001) being significantly higher in children from homes without smoking bans at Time 2 (p = 0.016) compared to Time 1 (p = 0.003). Changes in hand nicotine correlated with changes in cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine (r = 0.30 and r = 0.19, respectively, p < 0.05). Children with home smoking bans at Time 1 and 2 showed significantly lower hand nicotine levels compared to children without home smoking bans.Discussion: Findings indicate that hand nicotine levels provide additional insights into children's exposure to tobacco smoke pollutants than reported child TSE and urinary biomarkers. Changes in hand nicotine levels show that consistent home smoking bans in homes of children of smokers can lower THS exposure. Hand nicotine levels may be influenced by the environmental settings in which they are collected.
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页数:8
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