Physiotherapist-led exercise versus usual care (waiting-list) control for patients awaiting rotator cuff repair surgery: A pilot randomised controlled trial (POWER)

Background: Once a decision to undergo rotator cuff repair surgery is made, patients are placed on the waiting list. It can take weeks or months to receive surgery. There has been a call to move from waiting lists to 'prep-aration' lists to better prepare patients for surgery and to ensure it remains an appropriate treatment option for them.Objective: To evaluate the feasibility, as measured by recruitment rates, treatment fidelity and follow-up rates, of a future multi-centre randomised controlled trial to compare the clinical and cost-effectiveness of undertaking a physiotherapist-led exercise programme while waiting for surgery versus usual care (waiting-list control).Design: Two-arm, multi-centre pilot randomised controlled trial with feasibility objectives in six NHS hospitals in England. Method: Adults (n = 76) awaiting rotator cuff repair surgery were recruited and randomly allocated to a pro-gramme of physiotherapist-led exercise (n = 38) or usual care control (n = 38). Results: Of 302 eligible patients, 76 (25%) were randomised. Of 38 participants randomised to physiotherapist -led exercise, 28 (74%) received the exercise programme as intended. 51/76 (67%) Shoulder Pain and Disability Index questionnaires were returned at 6-months. Of 76 participants, 32 had not received surgery after 6-months (42%). Of those 32, 20 were allocated to physiotherapist-led exercise; 12 to usual care control.Conclusions: A future multi-centre randomised controlled trial is feasible but would require planning for variable recruitment rates between sites, measures to improve treatment fidelity and opportunity for surgical exit, and optimisation of follow-up. A fully powered, randomised controlled trial is now needed to robustly inform clinical decision-making.