Assessment of the effect of polymeric nanoparticles on storage and stability of blood products (red blood cells, plasma, and platelet)

Recently, one of the main tasks of blood transfusion agencies is to monitor blood products such as platelets, plasma proteins, and red blood cells to achieve the right conditions for their storage and safety, such as reducing the transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease and potential transmission of syphilis, economies of scale in testing, processing, collection, and development of quality control. Anticoagulants, storage temperature, and storage equipment influence blood products' storage performance and stability. Moreover, various methods enhance the storage and stability of blood products, such as automatic equipment and optimal conditions for complete blood collection, removing leukocytes from the blood components using filtration, centrifugation, and nanoparticles. It is worth noting that nanotechnology has been widely used in connection with blood and blood products such as anticoagulants, targeted drug delivery, sensors, imaging, storage, and transmission. Several studies have investigated the impact of different nanoparticles on blood products such as polymeric nanoparticles, non-metallic nanoparticles, and metal oxide nanoparticles. Recently, various nanopolymers such as dendrimers, polyethylene glycol, chitosan, lactic-co-glycolic acid, and liposomes have been used due to their ease of synthesis, biocompatibility, component diversity, and biodegradation conditions to improve the quality of blood products. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study reviewing the impact of polymeric nanoparticles in the field of blood products storage. Therefore, we aimed to provide an overview of polymeric nanoparticles' effects on enhancing blood products' storage quality and performance (red blood cells, plasma, and platelets). Here we concluded liposome nanoparticles are effective preservatives for RBCs during hypothermal conditions. Using negatively charged nanoparticles with low molecular weight can increase the storage time of platelets. In contrast, positively charged nanoparticles harm RBCs and platelets by inducing RBC rupture and platelets aggregation. Chitosan nanoparticles, liposomes, and lipid nanoparticles were also introduced as stabilizing agents to enhance albumin quality, immunoglobulins, and factor VIII, respectively. [GRAPHICS] .