Hospitalized patients with X-linked disease and infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil: A serial case report from the first two years of the pandemic

We described the characteristics of 18 patients with coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 and X-linked disorders in a cohort of 2,066,678 Brazilian patients hospitalized due to COVID-19. The patients were diagnosed with Hemophilia B (one patient), Klinefelter syndrome [eight patients-three deaths occurred, one unrelated to Severe Acute Respiratory Syn-drome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection], and Turner syndrome (nine patients-two patients died). Half of the patients with X-linked disorders and COVID-19 (9/18) were male, the age varied from 1 to 71 years, and most patients were White (9/12; six patients had missing data). The most common symptoms were cough (13/17; one patient had missing data) and fever (12/16; two patients had missing data), whereas the most common comorbidities were diabetes mellitus (3/11; seven patients had missing data) and cardi-opathy (2/12; six patients had missing data). Nearly half of the patients needed intensive care unit (8/17; one patient had missing data), and a quarter required invasive mechanical ventilation (4/16; two patients had missing data). Our study accounted for a total of five deaths, one unrelated to COVID-19. There may be several reasons for the low number of X-linked patients found in our data, such as limited access to genetic diagnosis tools causing underdiagnosis and a lack of knowledge by health professionals to identify the necessity of a genetic diagnosis or even forgetting to fill in the Brazilian database for hospitalization due to severe acute respiratory syndrome.(c) 2023 The Japanese Respiratory Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.