Synthesis of hexahydroquinolines, 5-amino-1,3-diphenyl-1h-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile and 1-aminoalkyl-2-naphthols derivatives using an engineered copper-based nano-magnetic catalyst (Fe3O4@CQD@Si(OEt)(CH2)3NH@CC@Ad@Cu(OAc)2)

In this project, a novel magnetic nano catalyst was used in solvent-free conditions in three different experimental fabrication sections, including the synthesis of hexahydroquinolines, 5-amino-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile and 1-aminoalkyl-2-naphthols derivatives. Accordingly, in this study, a Carbon Quantum Dot (CQD)-based nanomagnetic catalyst (Fe3O4@CQD@Si(OEt)(CH2)(3)NH@CC@Ad@Cu(OAc)(2)) was synthesized, in which the Fe3O4 nanoparticles surface was protected using carbon quantum dots (CQDs) instead of conventional SiO2. The as-synthesized catalyst was characterized using different techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), EDX Elemental Mapping (EDX-Mapping), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). The activity of the as-synthesized catalyst was evaluated in the synthesis of hexahydroquinolines, 5-amino-1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile and 1-aminoalkyl-2-naphthols derivatives. The solvent-free condition with low reaction time and high reaction yield is the results of the prepared catalyst. Moreover, the effect of temperature and the amount of the catalyst (optimum reaction condition) were determined using a systematic approach, namely, the Design of Experiment (DoE). How the reaction was triggered by the catalyst was determined by FT-IR analysis.