Root traits vary as much as leaf traits and have consistent phenotypic plasticity among 14 populations of a globally widespread herb

被引:4
|
作者
Dawson, Wayne [1 ,2 ]
Bodis, Judit [3 ]
Bucharova, Anna [4 ,5 ]
Catford, Jane A. [6 ]
Duncan, Richard P. [7 ]
Fraser, Lauchlan [8 ]
Groenteman, Ronny [9 ]
Kelly, Ruth [10 ]
Moore, Joslin L. [11 ,12 ]
Partel, Meelis [13 ]
Roach, Deborah [14 ]
Villellas, Jesus [15 ]
Wandrag, Elizabeth M. [16 ]
Finn, Alain [17 ]
Buckley, Yvonne M. [17 ]
机构
[1] Univ Durham, Dept Biosci, Durham, England
[2] Univ Liverpool, Inst Infect Vet & Ecol Sci, Dept Evolut Ecol & Behav, Liverpool, England
[3] Inst Wildlife Management & Nat Conservat, Hungarian Acad Agr & Life Sci, Dept Conservat Biol, Keszthely, Hungary
[4] Univ Marburg, Inst Biol, Marburg, Germany
[5] Univ Tubingen, Inst Evolut & Ecol, Tubingen, Germany
[6] Kings Coll London, Dept Geog, London, England
[7] Univ Canberra, Inst Appl Ecol, Ctr Conservat Ecol & Genom, Bruce, ACT, Australia
[8] Thompson Rivers Univ, Dept Nat Resource Sci, Kamloops, BC, Canada
[9] Manaaki Whenua Landcare Res, Lincoln, New Zealand
[10] Agrifood & Biosci Inst, Environm & Marine Sci Div, Belfast, North Ireland
[11] Arthur Rylah Inst Environm Res, Dept Energy Environm & Climate Act, Heidelberg, Vic, Australia
[12] Monash Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Clayton, Vic, Australia
[13] Univ Tartu, Inst Ecol & Earth Sci, Tartu, Estonia
[14] Univ Virginia, Dept Biol, Charlottesville, VA USA
[15] Univ Alcala, Dept Life Sci, Madrid, Spain
[16] Univ York, Dept Biol, York, England
[17] Trinity Coll Dublin, Sch Nat Sci, Dublin, Ireland
关键词
common garden; genetic differentiation; local adaptation; phenotype; plasticity; resource uptake; ribwort plantain; roots; ECONOMICS SPECTRUM; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; LANCEOLATA; DROUGHT;
D O I
10.1111/1365-2435.14504
中图分类号
Q14 [生态学(生物生态学)];
学科分类号
071012 ; 0713 ;
摘要
Our understanding of plant functional trait variation among populations and how this relates to local adaptation to environmental conditions is largely shaped by above-ground traits. However, we might expect below-ground traits linked to resource acquisition and conservation to vary among populations that experience different environmental conditions. Alternatively, below-ground traits might be highly plastic in response to growing conditions, such as availability of soil resources and association with symbiont arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). We assessed (i) the strength of among-population variation in above- and below-ground traits, (ii) the effects of growing conditions on among-population variation and (iii) whether variation among populations is linked to source environment conditions, in a globally distributed perennial Plantago lanceolata. Using seeds from 14 populations across three continents, we grew plants in a common garden experiment and measured leaf and root traits linked to resource acquisition and water conservation. We included two sets of experimental treatments (high or low water availability; with and without AMF inoculation), which enabled us to assess trait responses to growing conditions. Across treatments, the percentage of root trait variation explained by populations and continents was 9%-26%, compared to 7%-20% for leaf trait variation. From principal component analysis (PCA), the first PC axis for both root and leaf traits largely reflected plant size, while the second PC broadly captured mass allocation. Root mass allocation (PC 2) was related to mean annual temperature and mean moisture index, indicating that populations from cooler, wetter environments had longer, thinner roots. However, we found little support for a relationship between source environment and leaf trait PCs, root system size (PC1) or individual traits. Water availability and AMF inoculation effects on size were consistent among populations, with larger plants under AMF inoculation, and less mass allocation to leaves under lower water availability. Plantago lanceolata shows substantial population-level variation in a suite of root traits, but that variation is only partially linked to the source environmental variables studied. Despite considerable differences in source abiotic environments, geographically separated populations have retained a strong and similar capacity for phenotypic plasticity both above and below-ground.Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. La comprension de la variacion inter-poblacional en rasgos funcionales de plantas y como esto se relaciona con la adaptacion local a las condiciones ambientales esta en gran medida moldeada por rasgos aereos. Sin embargo, cabe esperar que los rasgos subterraneos vinculados a la adquisicion y conservacion de recursos varien entre poblaciones bajo diferentes condiciones ambientales. Alternativamente, los rasgos subterraneos podrian ser altamente plasticos en respuesta a las condiciones de crecimiento, como la disponibilidad de recursos del suelo y la asociacion con hongos simbiontes micorricicos arbusculares (HMA). Analizamos (i) la magnitud de la variacion entre poblaciones en rasgos aereos y subterraneos, (ii) los efectos de las condiciones de crecimiento en la variacion entre poblaciones y (iii) si la variacion entre poblaciones esta vinculada a las condiciones ambientales de origen, en una planta perenne de distribucion global, Plantago lanceolata. Utilizando semillas de 14 poblaciones de tres continentes, cultivamos plantas en un experimento de jardin comun y medimos rasgos foliares y radiculares relacionados con la adquisicion de recursos y la conservacion de agua. Incluimos dos tipos de tratamientos experimentales (disponibilidad alta o baja de agua; con y sin inoculacion de HMA), lo que nos permitio evaluar las respuestas de los rasgos a las condiciones de crecimiento. Entre los tratamientos, el porcentaje de variacion de rasgos radiculares explicado por las poblaciones y continentes fue del 9%-26%, en comparacion con el 7%-20% para variacion de rasgos foliares. A partir de Analisis de Componentes Principales (ACP, por sus siglas en ingles) tanto para rasgos radiculares como foliares, el primer eje de CP reflejaba principalmente el tamano de la planta, mientras que el segundo CP capturaba en terminos generales la asignacion de biomasa. La asignacion de biomasa radicular (CP 2) estaba relacionado con la temperatura media anual y el indice medio de humedad, indicando que las poblaciones de entornos mas frescos y humedos tenian raices mas largas y delgadas. Sin embargo, encontramos poco respaldo para una relacion entre el ambiente de origen y los CP de rasgos foliares, el tamano del sistema radicular (CP1) o los rasgos individuales. La disponibilidad de agua y los efectos de la inoculacion de HMA en el tamano de planta fueron consistentes entre poblaciones, con plantas mas grandes bajo la inoculacion de HMA y menor asignacion de biomasa a las hojas bajo una menor disponibilidad de agua. Plantago lanceolata muestra una variacion sustancial a nivel de poblacion en una serie de rasgos radiculares, pero esa variacion esta solo parcialmente vinculada a las variables ambientales de origen estudiadas. A pesar de las diferencias considerables en las condiciones abioticas de origen, las poblaciones separadas geograficamente han conservado una capacidad fuerte y similar de plasticidad fenotipica tanto aerea como subterranea. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.image
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收藏
页码:926 / 941
页数:16
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