Application of Nanomaterials for Cadmium Adsorption for Sustainable Treatment of Wastewater: a Review

Many heavy metals, particularly cadmium, are detrimental to both people and the environment when present in large quantities. In wastewater treatment plants, several conventional approaches are employed for cadmium abatement to restore the ecosystem, food supplies, and health of people and animals. Ion exchange, coagulation, membrane filtration, and chemical precipitation are a few examples of ways for removing heavy metals from wastewater, among the many other strategies for removing Cd from wastewater. Recent materials science and chemistry developments have made it possible to remove specific targets like cadmium using nanomaterials, which have very large specific surface areas and numerous functions. Adsorption by using nanomaterials is acknowledged as a viable method for removing dangerous metals from contaminated water, such as Cd, due to its accessibility, improved benefits, and cost-effectiveness when used properly. Adsorption of heavy metals onto the surface of nanomaterial is the simplest, most cost-effective, clean, and sustainable method for the removal of HMs from wastewater, according to the thorough literature mentioned. This review examined the benefits and downsides of removing cadmium from wastewater using nanomaterials, as well as its production, potentially harmful effects on human health, and removal techniques. This paper examines the most current advancements and trends in cadmium mitigation technologies using nanomaterial adsorption. Future research will concentrate on the encapsulation of nanoparticles in order to gather complete and contrasting data on the diverse applications of different nanomaterials in the adsorption process.