PGC-1α activation boosts exercise-dependent cellular response in the skeletal muscle

The role of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator alpha (PGC-1 alpha) in fat metabolism is not well known. In this study, we compared the mechanisms of muscle-specific PGC-1 alpha overexpression and exercise-related adaptation-dependent fat metabolism. PGC-1 alpha trained (PGC-1 alpha Ex) and wild-trained (wt-ex) mice were trained for 10 weeks, five times a week at 30 min per day with 60 percent of their maximal running capacity. The PGC-1 alpha overexpressed animals exhibited higher levels of Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPK-alpha), the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), Lon protease homolog 1 (LONP1), citrate synthase (CS), succinate dehydrogenase complex flavoprotein subunit A (SDHA), Mitofusin-1 (Mfn1), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), G protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41), and Phosphatidylcholine Cytidylyltransferase 2 (PCYT2), and lower levels of Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) compared to wild-type animals. Exercise training increased the protein content levels of SIRT1, HSL, and ATGL in both the wt-ex and PGC-1 alpha trained groups. PGC-1 alpha has a complex role in cellular signaling, including the upregulation of lipid metabolism-associated proteins. Our data reveals that although exercise training mimics the effects of PGC-1 alpha overexpression, it incorporates some PGC-1 alpha-independent adaptive mechanisms in fat uptake and cell signaling.