Advances and promises of personalized precision medicine for metabolic diseases: Precision metabolic medicine

Type 2 diabetes and obesity are multifactorial diseases with a strong genetic basis. Genetic studies have shown that a significant part of patients carried a pathogenic mutation in genes causing a monogenic form of metabolic disease. These genetic discoveries have open the door to genomic medicine and to personalized treatments fashioned to the etiology of patient's disease: therefore, several genes are told actionable as the discovery of a pathoge-nic mutation should lead to precision medicine that often greatly improves patient's life and outcome at smaller expanses for the society. Genome-wide association studies have identified hundreds of genetic loci associated with the risk of common forms of diabetes or of obesity. Clustering these patients in discrete categories using clinical and biological parameters inclu-ding multi-omics data should bring rational clues for alternative clinical care decreasing the risk of complications and premature death. The 4P metabolic medicine (predictive, preventive, precision and participatory) should emerge from these translational and clinical studies.& COPY; 2022 l'Academie nationale de medecine. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.