Recent progress in microbial cell surface display systems and their application on biosensors

Microbial cell surface display technology is a recombinant technology to express target proteins on the cell membrane, which can be used to redesign the cell surface with functional proteins and peptides. Bacterial and yeast surface display systems are the most common cell surface display systems of prokaryotic and eukaryotic proteins, that are widely applied as the core elements in the field of biosensors due to their advantages, including enhanced stability, high yield, good safety, expression of larger and more complex proteins. To further promote the performance of biosensors, the biomineralized microbial surface display technology was proposed. This review summarized the different microbial surface display systems and the biomineralized surface display systems, where the mechanisms of surface display and biomineralization were introduced. Then we described the recent progress of their applications on biosensors for different types of detection targets. Finally, the outlooks and tendencies were discussed and forecasted with the expectation to provide some general functions and enlightenments to this aspect of research.