Improving motion robustness of 3D MR fingerprinting with a fat navigator

Purpose: To develop a 3D MR fingerprinting (MRF) method in combination with fat navigators to improve its motion robustness for neuroimaging. Methods: A rapid fat navigator was developed using the stack-of-spirals acquisition and non-Cartesian spiral GRAPPA. The fat navigator module was implemented in the 3D MRF sequence with high scan efficiency. The developed method was first validated in phantoms and five healthy subjects with intentional head motion. The method was further applied to infants with neonatal opioid withdrawal symptoms. The 3D MRF scans with fat navigators acquired with and without acceleration along the partition-encoding direction were both examined in the study. Results: Both phantom and in vivo results demonstrated that the added fat navigator modules did not influence the quantification accuracy in MRF. In combination with non-Cartesian spiral GRAPPA, a rapid fat navigator sampling with whole-brain coveragewas achieved in similar to 0.5 s at 3T, reducing its sensitivity to potential motion. Based on themotion waveforms extracted fromfat navigators, the motion robustness of the 3D MRF was largely improved. With the proposed method, the motion-corrupted MRF datasets yielded T1 and T2 maps with significantly reduced artifacts and high correlations with measurements from the reference motion-free MRF scans. Conclusion: We developed a 3D MRF method coupled with rapid fat navigators to improve its motion robustness for quantitative neuroimaging. Our results demonstrate that (1) accurate tissue quantification was preserved with the fat navigator modules and (2) the motion robustness for quantitative tissue mapping was largely improved with the developed method.