A review of nanoparticle reinforced surface composites processed by friction stir processing

Friction stir processing (FSP) is a new technique that offers a green way of synthesizing composites. FSP is usually used to produce a composite layer on a substrate. This layer is known as surface composite. FSP utilizes the concept of severe plastic deformation to produce heat and create composites by combining the substrate material and reinforcement material. These surface composites can be synthesized using different reinforcements based upon reinforcement size and material. This paper focuses on critically reviewing nanoparticle reinforced surface composites. It discusses the advantages of FSP over the other techniques used for surface composite processing, such as laser treatment or cast sintering. In addition, different types of ceramic and carbonaceous nanoparticles used as reinforcements have also been discussed in this article. Furthermore, different types of reinforcement strategies used for nanoparticle reinforcement have also been discussed. The basic parameters that influence the properties of synthesized composites have been reviewed as well. This paper extensively examines the pros and cons of nanoparticle FSP studies that have been published over the years.