Membrane fouling and cleaning strategies in microfiltration/ultrafiltration and dynamic membrane

Dynamic membrane (DM) technology has attracted much attention due to low operating pressure and easy fouling layer removal in wastewater treatment, but correlationship between DM and microfiltration/ultrafil-tration (MF/UF) has not been well elaborated. Much work on fouling layer and fouling control strategies has been conducted for better understanding and application of MF/UF and DM. Therefore, membrane fouling and cleaning strategies with MF/UF and DM are analyzed and compared in this review. Firstly, membrane fouling and influencing factors of membrane pore size, membrane material, membrane reactor configuration, and membrane hydrophobicity in MF/UF and DM are discussed, which indicates that potential influence of mem-brane characteristics should be valued for better fouling layer control. Secondly, different cleaning strategies of physical, chemical, physical-chemical, and biological cleaning were summarized for future optimization of membrane fouling in MF/UF and DM. The advanced fouling control strategies with MF/UF can be referenced for further fouling layer control in DM system. Finally, implication and potential future directions are presented for sustainable developing of MF/UF and DM in water and wastewater treatment. Overall, this review attempts to bridge the connections between MF/UF and DM, which can provide new insights for better fouling control, fouling utilization, and improved operating efficiency.