Leading schools during the COVID-19 school closures in Estonia and Finland

We examined practices and experiences of leadership during the COVID-19 school closures in 2020 by analyzing Estonian (N = 219) and Finnish (N = 775) school leaders' responses to open-ended questions in an electronic survey. In the analysis we used five categories drawn from the data: Making decisions, Re-organizing schoolwork, Communication, Giving support, and Self. The findings show leaders stressing especially the themes of within school communication and giving support both at emotional-level and in the use of technology in teaching. The findings signal a leadership approach composed of care and empathy. Moreover, within the category Self, the leader's ability to lead themselves and manage stress were extensively brought out. We provide four messages reflecting leadership during times of both turbulence and tranquility. For example, a leader's knowledge about pedagogy prepares the ground for meaningful reorganization of teaching and learning. Also, attention should be paid to locally established structures for collaboration across schools as they support leaders' work.